使用BBED恢复数据文件头-白红宇

使用BBED恢复数据文件头

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发布时间：2019-06-09

本文共 21657 字，大约阅读时间需要 72 分钟。

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@@@@@@@利用BBED模拟损坏5文件1号块（文件头）

BBED> copy file 4 block 4 to file 5 block 1 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1                Offsets:    0 to   19           Dba:0x01400001------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1ea20000 04000001 1a4b0000 00000104 99810000  <32 bytes per line>sys@PROD> shutdown abort;ORACLE instance shut down.sys@PROD> starupSP2-0042: unknown command "starup" - rest of line ignored.sys@PROD> startupORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area  939495424 bytesFixed Size                  2233960 bytesVariable Size             251660696 bytesDatabase Buffers          679477248 bytesRedo Buffers                6123520 bytesDatabase mounted.ORA-01122: database file 5 failed verification checkORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf'ORA-01210: data file header is media corrupt

BBED開始恢复

1、找个文件头覆盖

BBED> copy file 4 block 1 to file 5 block 1 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1                Offsets:    0 to   19           Dba:0x01400001------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0ba20000 01000001 00000000 00000104 edbc0000  <32 bytes per line>

2、进入5文件1号块

BBED> set file 5 block 1        FILE#           5        BLOCK#          1

（1）改块的地址5文件1号块，rdba_kcbh

BBED> p kcvfhbfhstruct kcvfhbfh, 20 bytes                   @0          ub1 type_kcbh                            @0        0x0b   ub1 frmt_kcbh                            @1        0xa2   ub1 spare1_kcbh                          @2        0x00   ub1 spare2_kcbh                          @3        0x00   ub4 rdba_kcbh                            @4        0x01000001   ub4 bas_kcbh                             @8        0x00000000   ub2 wrp_kcbh                             @12       0x0000   ub1 seq_kcbh                             @14       0x01   ub1 flg_kcbh                             @15       0x04 (KCBHFCKV)   ub2 chkval_kcbh                          @16       0xbced   ub2 spare3_kcbh                          @18       0x0000

0x01000001===》0000 0001 0000==》100==》4号文件1号块

改动成5号1块 ===》0x01400001

BBED> d /v offset 4 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1       Offsets:    4 to   23  Dba:0x01400001------------------------------------------------------- 01000001 00000000 00000104 edbc0000 l ............í?.. 00000000    BBED> m /x  01004001 offset 4 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1                Offsets:    4 to   23           Dba:0x01400001------------------------------------------------------------------------ 01004001 00000000 00000104 edbc0000 00000000

(2)文件的大小kccfhfsz

BBED> p kcvfhhdrstruct kcvfhhdr, 76 bytes                   @20         ub4 kccfhswv                             @20       0x00000000   ub4 kccfhcvn                             @24       0x0b200000   ub4 kccfhdbi                             @28       0x0f302c3e   text kccfhdbn[0]                         @32      P   text kccfhdbn[1]                         @33      R   text kccfhdbn[2]                         @34      O   text kccfhdbn[3]                         @35      D   text kccfhdbn[4]                         @36          text kccfhdbn[5]                         @37          text kccfhdbn[6]                         @38          text kccfhdbn[7]                         @39          ub4 kccfhcsq                             @40       0x00000d3d   ub4 kccfhfsz                             @44       0x00003200   s_blkz kccfhbsz                          @48       0x00   ub2 kccfhfno                             @52       0x0004   ub2 kccfhtyp                             @54       0x0003   ub4 kccfhacid                            @56       0x00000000   ub4 kccfhcks                             @60       0x00000000   text kccfhtag[0]                         @64        ....................    sys@PROD> select name from v$dbfile where file#=5;NAME--------------------------------------------------/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf[oracle@jfdb PROD]$ ls -lFtr |grep tp01-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall  524296192 Jun  8 18:58 tp01.dbfsys@PROD> select 524296192/8192 from dual;524296192/8192--------------         64001

注：0号块他是操作系头不为ORACLE所控制

64001-1=64000个块（10进制）

64000（10）==fa00(16)=====>bbed存储：00fa0000

BBED> d /v offset 44 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1       Offsets:   44 to   63  Dba:0x01400001------------------------------------------------------- 00320000 00200000 04000300 00000000 l .2... .......... 00000000 BBED> m /x 00fa0000 44 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1                Offsets:   44 to   63           Dba:0x01400001------------------------------------------------------------------------ 00fa0000 00200000 04000300 00000000 00000000

(3)改动文件号（4--->5）

ub2 kccfhfno @52 0x0004

BBED> d /v offset 52 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1       Offsets:   52 to   71  Dba:0x01400001------------------------------------------------------- 04000300 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................ 00000000 BBED> m /x 05 offset 52 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1                Offsets:   52 to   71           Dba:0x01400001------------------------------------------------------------------------ 05000300 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

(4)改动文件创建时SCN

BBED> p kcvfhcrsstruct kcvfhcrs, 8 bytes                    @100        ub4 kscnbas                              @100      0x00004b14   ub2 kscnwrp                              @104      0x0000sys@PROD> select file#,CREATION_CHANGE# from v$datafile where file#=5;     FILE# CREATION_CHANGE#---------- ----------------         5           363921sys@PROD> select to_char('363921','xxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;TO_CHAR('36392--------------         58d91   ===（倒：918d0500）==》00058d91BBED> d /v offset 100 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1       Offsets:  100 to  119  Dba:0x01400001------------------------------------------------------- 144b0000 00000000 30cf3e32 a41da532 l .K......0?

>2¤.￥2 ec4f1900 BBED> m /x 918d offset 100 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 100 to 119 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 918d0000 00000000 30cf3e32 a41da532 ec4f1900 BBED> m /x 0500 offset 102 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 102 to 121 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 05000000 000030cf 3e32a41d a532ec4f 19000000 BBED> d /v offset 100 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 100 to 119 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------- 918d0500 00000000 30cf3e32 a41da532 l ........0?>2¤.￥2 ec4f1900

(5)改动文件创建时间

ub4 kcvfhcrt                             @108      0x323ecf30BBED> p kcvfhcrtub4 kcvfhcrt                                @108      0x323ecf30sys@PROD> select file#,to_char(CREATION_TIME,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') createTime,  2      (to_char(CREATION_TIME,'yyyy')-1988)*12*31*24*3600+  3       (to_char(CREATION_TIME,'mm')-1)*31*24*3600+  4     (to_char(CREATION_TIME,'dd')-1)*24*3600+  5     to_char(CREATION_TIME,'hh24')*3600+  6     to_char(CREATION_TIME,'mi')*60+  7     to_char(CREATION_TIME,'ss') createTimeSCN  8    from v$datafile WHERE file# in(4,5);     FILE# CREATETIME          CREATETIMESCN---------- ------------------- -------------         4 2014-03-23 16:17:52     842977072         5 2014-03-29 10:32:22     843474742sys@PROD> select '4' file#, to_char('842977072','xxxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;F TO_CHAR('842977- ---------------4        323ecf30    ===>倒：30cf3e32sys@PROD> select '5' file#,to_char('843474742','xxxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;sys@PROD>  select '5' file#,to_char('843474742','xxxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;F TO_CHAR('843474- ---------------5        32466736  ==》36674632BBED> d /v offset 108 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1       Offsets:  108 to  127  Dba:0x01400001------------------------------------------------------- 30cf3e32 a41da532 ec4f1900 00000000 l 0?>2¤.￥2ìO...... d713a532BBED> m /x 36674632 offset 108 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1                Offsets:  108 to  127           Dba:0x01400001------------------------------------------------------------------------ 36674632 a41da532 ec4f1900 00000000 d713a532

(6)改动表空间号

sword kcvfhtsn                           @332      4sys@PROD> select file#,TS# from  v$datafile where file# in(4,5);     FILE#        TS#---------- ----------         4          4         5          5BBED> d /v offset 332 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1       Offsets:  332 to  351  Dba:0x01400001------------------------------------------------------- 04000000 05005553 45525300 00000000 l ......USERS..... 00000000                            l .... <16 bytes per line>BBED> m /x 05 offset 332 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1                Offsets:  332 to  351           Dba:0x01400001------------------------------------------------------------------------ 05000000 05005553 45525300 00000000 00000000

(7)改动相对文件号

ub4 kcvfhrfn @368 0x00000004

BBED> d /v offset 368 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1       Offsets:  368 to  387  Dba:0x01400001------------------------------------------------------- 04000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................ 00000000                            l .... <16 bytes per line>BBED> m /x 05 offset 368 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1                Offsets:  368 to  387           Dba:0x01400001------------------------------------------------------------------------ 05000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

(8)改动表空间的名称

BBED> p kcvfhtnmtext kcvfhtnm[0]                            @338     Utext kcvfhtnm[1]                            @339     Stext kcvfhtnm[2]                            @340     Etext kcvfhtnm[3]                            @341     Rtext kcvfhtnm[4]                            @342     Stext kcvfhtnm[5]                            @343      text kcvfhtnm[6]                            @344      text kcvfhtnm[7]                            @345      text kcvfhtnm[8]                            @346      text kcvfhtnm[9]                            @347      text kcvfhtnm[10]                           @348      text kcvfhtnm[11]                           @349      text kcvfhtnm[12]                           @350 sys@PROD> select file#,TS# from  v$datafile where file# in(4,5);     FILE#        TS#---------- ----------         4          4         5          5sys@PROD> select TS#,NAME from v$tablespace where ts# in(4,5);       TS# NAME---------- --------------------------------------------------         4 USERS         5 TP1BBED> d /v offset 338 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1       Offsets:  338 to  357  Dba:0x01400001------------------------------------------------------- 55534552 53000000 00000000 00000000 l USERS........... 00000000sys@PROD> select dump('USERS',16) from dual;DUMP('USERS',16)----------------------------Typ=96 Len=5: 55,53,45,52,53sys@PROD> select dump('TP1',16) from dual;DUMP('TP1',16)----------------------Typ=96 Len=3: 54,50,31BBED> m /x 54503100 offset 338 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1                Offsets:  338 to  357           Dba:0x01400001------------------------------------------------------------------------ 54503100 53000000 00000000 00000000 00000000  <32 bytes per line>BBED> m /x 00 offset 342 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1                Offsets:  342 to  361           Dba:0x01400001------------------------------------------------------------------------ 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000  <32 bytes per line>BBED> d /v offset 338 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1       Offsets:  338 to  357  Dba:0x01400001------------------------------------------------------- 54503100 00000000 00000000 00000000 l TP1............. 00000000

(9)改动表空间的长度

ub2 kcvfhtln @336 0x0005

BBED> d /v offset 336 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1       Offsets:  336 to  355  Dba:0x01400001------------------------------------------------------- 05005450 31000000 00000000 00000000 l ..TP1........... 00000000                            l .... <16 bytes per line>BBED> m /x 03 offset 336 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1                Offsets:  336 to  355           Dba:0x01400001------------------------------------------------------------------------ 03005450 31000000 00000000 00000000 00000000  <32 bytes per line>

(10)检查点

BBED> p kcvfhckpstruct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes                   @484        struct kcvcpscn, 8 bytes                 @484           ub4 kscnbas                           @484      0x0019b1a1   --->1683873      ub2 kscnwrp                           @488      0x0000   ub4 kcvcptim                             @492      0x32a59921   -->849713441   ub2 kcvcpthr                             @496      0x0001   union u, 12 bytes                        @500           struct kcvcprba, 12 bytes             @500              ub4 kcrbaseq                       @500      0x00000002         ub4 kcrbabno                       @504      0x000002e0         ub2 kcrbabof                       @508      0x0010   ub1 kcvcpetb[0]                          @512      0x02   ub1 kcvcpetb[1]                          @513      0x00   ub1 kcvcpetb[2]                          @514      0x00   ub1 kcvcpetb[3]                          @515      0x00   ub1 kcvcpetb[4]                          @516      0x00   ub1 kcvcpetb[5]                          @517      0x00   ub1 kcvcpetb[6]                          @518      0x00   ub1 kcvcpetb[7]                          @519      0x00sys@PROD> select file#,rfile#,CREATION_TIME,checkpoint_change#,unrecoverable_change#,offline_change# from v$datafile;     FILE#     RFILE# CREATION_ CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# UNRECOVERABLE_CHANGE# OFFLINE_CHANGE#---------- ---------- --------- ------------------ --------------------- ---------------         1          1 23-MAR-14            1683873                     0         1658859         2          2 23-MAR-14            1683873                     0         1658859         3          3 23-MAR-14            1683873                     0         1658859         4          4 23-MAR-14            1683873                     0         1658859         5          5 29-MAR-14            1684251                     0         1658859sys@PROD> select to_number('19b1a1','xxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;TO_NUMBER('19B1A1','XXXXXXXXXXXX')----------------------------------                           1683873sys@PROD> select to_number('32a59921','xxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;TO_NUMBER('32A59921','XXXXXXXXXXXX')------------------------------------                           849713441sys@PROD> select file#,to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') createTime,  2    (to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'yyyy')-1988)*12*31*24*3600+  3     (to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'mm')-1)*31*24*3600+  4   (to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'dd')-1)*24*3600+  5   to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'hh24')*3600+  6    to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'mi')*60+  7   to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'ss') createTimeSCN  8    from v$datafile WHERE file# in(4,5);     FILE# CREATETIME          CREATETIMESCN---------- ------------------- -------------         4 2014-06-08 15:30:41     849713441         5 2014-06-08 15:38:33     849713913sys@PROD> sys@PROD> select to_char('1684251','xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;TO_CHAR('1684251----------------          19b31b   ====>真正5号文件的检查点SCNsys@PROD> select to_char('849713913','xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;TO_CHAR('8497139----------------        32a59af9  ====>真正5号文件的检查点时间ub4 kscnbas                           @484      0x0019b1a1     ====>真正5号文件的检查点SCN 19b31b (倒：1bb319)ub4 kcvcptim                          @492      0x32a59921     ====>真正5号文件的检查点时间32a59af9（倒：f99aa532）BBED> d /v offset 484 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1       Offsets:  484 to  503  Dba:0x01400001------------------------------------------------------- a1b11900 00000000 2199a532 01000000 l ?

±......!.￥2.... 02000000 BBED> m /x 1bb319 offset 484 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 503 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1bb31900 00000000 2199a532 01000000 02000000 BBED> d /v offset 492 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 492 to 511 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------- 2199a532 01000000 02000000 e0020000 l !.￥2........à... 10007261 BBED> m /x f99a offset 492 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 492 to 511 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ f99aa532 01000000 02000000 e0020000 10007261

##################校验块

BBED> sum applyCheck value for File 5, Block 1:current = 0x4a10, required = 0x4a10BBED> verifyDBVERIFY - Verification startingFILE = /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbfBLOCK = 1DBVERIFY - Verification completeTotal Blocks Examined         : 1Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 0Total Blocks Failing   (Data) : 0Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0Total Blocks Failing   (Index): 0Total Blocks Empty            : 0Total Blocks Marked Corrupt   : 0Total Blocks Influx           : 0Message 531 not found;  product=RDBMS; facility=BBED

######################检查物理坏块

[oracle@jfdb PROD]$ dbv file=tp01.dbf start=1 end=2DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sun Jun 8 21:48:37 2014Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbfDBVERIFY - Verification completeTotal Pages Examined         : 2Total Pages Processed (Data) : 0Total Pages Failing   (Data) : 0Total Pages Processed (Index): 0Total Pages Failing   (Index): 0Total Pages Processed (Other): 2Total Pages Processed (Seg)  : 0Total Pages Failing   (Seg)  : 0Total Pages Empty            : 0Total Pages Marked Corrupt   : 0Total Pages Influx           : 0Total Pages Encrypted        : 0Highest block SCN            : 1687542 (0.1687542)

############打开数据库报错

sys@PROD> shutdown abort;ORACLE instance shut down.sys@PROD> startupORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area  939495424 bytesFixed Size                  2233960 bytesVariable Size             251660696 bytesDatabase Buffers          679477248 bytesRedo Buffers                6123520 bytesDatabase mounted.ORA-01122: database file 5 failed verification checkORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf'ORA-01207: file is more recent than control file - old control file

###########怀疑检查点计数器。这里我先用BBED（方法1重建控制文件，方法2利用BBED改动计算器）

ub4 kcvfhcpc @140 0x00000102

ub4 kcvfhccc @148 0x00000101

idle> alter session set events 'immediate trace name controlf level 8';Session altered.DATA FILE #5:   name #4: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbfcreation size=0 block size=8192 status=0xe head=4 tail=4 dup=1 tablespace 5, index=5 krfil=5 prev_file=0 unrecoverable scn: 0x0000.00000000 01/01/1988 00:00:00 Checkpoint cnt:226 scn: 0x0000.0019b31b 06/08/2014 15:38:33 Stop scn: 0xffff.ffffffff 06/08/2014 07:44:07 Creation Checkpointed at scn:  0x0000.00058d91 03/29/2014 10:32:22 thread:0 rba:(0x0.0.0)sys@PROD> select to_char('226','xxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;TO_CHAR('226',--------------            e2sys@PROD> select to_char('225','xxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;TO_CHAR('225',--------------            e1BBED> d /v offset 140 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1       Offsets:  140 to  159  Dba:0x01400001------------------------------------------------------- 02010000 8bc6a532 01010000 b24f1900 l .....?

￥2....2O.. 00000000 BBED> m /x e200 offset 140 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 140 to 159 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ e2000000 8bc6a532 01010000 b24f1900 00000000 <32 bytes per line> BBED> d /v offset 148 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 148 to 167 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------- 01010000 b24f1900 00000000 d713a532 l ....2O......×.￥2 01000000 l .... <16 bytes per line> BBED> m /x e100 offset 148 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 148 to 167 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ e1000000 b24f1900 00000000 d713a532 01000000 <32 bytes per line> BBED> sum apply Check value for File 5, Block 1: current = 0x4a10, required = 0x4a10 BBED> verify DBVERIFY - Verification starting FILE = /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf BLOCK = 1 DBVERIFY - Verification complete Total Blocks Examined : 1 Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 0 Total Blocks Failing (Data) : 0 Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0 Total Blocks Failing (Index): 0 Total Blocks Empty : 0 Total Blocks Marked Corrupt : 0 Total Blocks Influx : 0 Message 531 not found; product=RDBMS; facility=BBED

##########再次打开库，OK!

sys@PROD> select status from v$instance;STATUS------------MOUNTEDsys@PROD> alter database open;Database altered.

###############################改动数据文件头的注意点：

1、改动数据的DBA,rdba_kcbh

2、改动文件的大小，kccfhfsz

3、改动文件号，kccfhfno

4、改动文件创建时SCN，kcvfhcrs

5、改动文件创建时间，kcvfhcrt

6、改动表空间号，kcvfhtsn

7、改动相对文件号，kcvfhrfn

8、改动表空间的名称， kcvfhtnm

9、改动表空间的长度，kcvfhtln

10、改动检查点的SCN，kcvfhckp

11、改动检查点的时间，kcvcptim

12、改动检查点的计数器，kcvfhcpc

13、改动检查点的控制文件备份的计数器， kcvfhccc

14、假设你改动是1号文件的1号块他的root rdba针指向bootstrap$

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/hrhguanli/p/4708273.html

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